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[D. JOSÉ I / D. MARIA I]. DESERÇÃO MILITAR E PERDÕES GERAIS — Penas, Limites de Serviço e Amnistias. Portugal, 1765–1789. - [D. JOSÉ I / D. MARIA I] DESERÇÃO MILITAR E PERDÕES GERAIS — Penas, Limites de Serviço e Amnistias . 5 diplomas régios; Portugal, 1765–1789. A collection of five decrees concerning military desertion and the mechanisms of pardon and amnesty that the Crown used to recover troops who had deserted from its regiments. Desertion was an endemic problem in the armies of the Old Regime, aggravated by the living conditions of the soldiers, forced recruitment, and the absence of clear limits on length of service. Legislation oscillated between the severity of penalties and the strategic clemency of pardons, often granted on the occasion of dynastic events. c. Sept 1765 (D. José I) — Declares and expands the paragraphs of the Infantry and Cavalry Regulations on desertion; establishes penalties for deserters from paid troops and militias. 6 Nov 1780 (D. Maria I) — Extends for three months the Decree of September 1 of the previous year on general pardons for deserter soldiers absent from their regiments and corps. August 25, 1779 (Queen Maria I) — Decrees that no vassal who voluntarily entered or was recruited into military service shall be compelled to serve more than ten years; establishes the maximum limit for compulsory service. June 6, 1785 (Queen Maria I) — Grants general pardon and amnesty to military personnel and deserters absent from the Kingdoms on the occasion of the Infantes' marriage, allowing them to return to their bodies without penalty. December 17, 1789 (Queen Maria I) — General pardon for junior officers, soldiers, drummers, and trumpeters who committed the crime of first-time desertion, with the exception of the most serious crimes. The document articulates the punitive aspect (penalties for deserters) with the lenient aspect (amnesties and pardons) of royal military policy, and includes the decree that, for the first time, legally limited the duration of compulsory military service in Portugal. ⚑ Auto-translated via Google Translate