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”La Conquête du Monde par les Juifs” – Antisemitism. Extremely Rare! [Basel, 1873] - ”The Conquest of the World by the Jews” – A Work on History and Current Affairs by Osman Bey (Real Name: Frederick Millingen) La Conquête du Monde par les Juifs: Essai d'Histoire et d'Actualité / par Osman Bey Basel [1873]. First Edition. French. The first edition is extremely rare and, according to the WorldCat database, is found in only one library worldwide—the National Library of Israel (without the original title page). The book was translated into multiple languages and became a bestseller. 45 pages, additional title page wrapper. 24 cm. Very good condition, uncut sheets. Background ”The Protocols of the Elders of Zion” is an antisemitic hoax from the 19th century. It was first published in Russia in 1903, in the antisemitic newspaper Znamya (Знамя) under the editorial direction of Pyotr Krushevan, a journalist and propagandist. It was allegedly written by the Russian Imperial secret police (Okhrana) to incite hatred against Jews, portraying them as a force conspiring to dominate the world. ”The Protocols of the Elders of Zion” became one of the most influential documents in modern propaganda, creating a universal template for conspiracy-based antisemitism. Its destructive impact on politics and society did not end with its exposure as a hoax but continues to shape antisemitic and global narratives to this day. While it is commonly believed that the idea of a Jewish world conspiracy was first introduced with the publication of The Protocols of the Elders of Zion, this book, written 30 years earlier, presents strikingly similar themes. According to several researchers, including Norman Cohn and Cesare De Michelis, Millingen’s book may have been an early influence on the development of the ideas that later shaped The Protocols. The Book’s Influence on Jewish Conspiracy Theories The book presents claims of a Jewish conspiracy for world domination, a central theme later found in The Protocols. Accusations of Jewish ties to Freemasonry—Millingen asserted that the Freemasons were merely a branch of Judaism with the goal of controlling the world, an idea that was later expanded in The Protocols. Blaming Jews for the French Revolution—a notion also present in The Protocols and other antisemitic writings of the period. Historical Context Just when it seemed widely accepted that the idea of a ”global Jewish conspiracy” began with The Protocols of the Elders of Zion in 1903, we discover an earlier figure from the 19th century who anticipated these ideas and spread them decades in advance. The Author: Frederick Millingen Frederick Millingen, also known by multiple aliases (Major Osman Bey in the Ottoman Empire and Major Vladimir Andreyevich in Russia), led a life full of intrigue, but one obsession defined his career—exposing what he believed to be the crimes of global Jewry. Born in Istanbul in 1832, Millingen began his career as an Ottoman officer for a short period and even attempted to join the Union Army during the American Civil War, though he arrived in New York in 1865, too late to participate. Upon his return to Europe, Millingen shifted his focus to revealing the so-called global Jewish conspiracy. In 1873, he published La Conquête du Monde par les Juifs (The Conquest of the World by the Jews), which became an international sensation. The book was translated into numerous languages and even crossed the Atlantic, being published in St. Louis. (The 1878 U.S. edition resurfaced a hundred years later when it was reprinted by a white supremacist organization.) However, according to his memoirs, the book brought its author nothing but misfortune. In 1900, Millingen published a pamphlet titled Dreyfus, Martyr Juif (Dreyfus, Jewish Martyr), which he signed ”Osman Bey, Martyr of the Jews.” In this pamphlet, Millingen describes being persecuted across Europe by a ”Judeo-nihilist conspiracy” and its allies—including his own sister. He concludes by counting his many expulsions from various countries (including ”one and a half times from Italy”) and declaring himself ”the most expelled man of the 19th century.”